Research on Immigrant Entrepreneurs

Research on immigrant entrepreneurs consistently shows tremendous economic benefits across the country and across the economic spectrum. Here is a sample of some of the most recent and compelling studies.

Immigrants and Billion-Dollar Companies

National Foundation for American Policy, October 2018

This research found that immigrants have started more 55 percent of America’s startup companies valued at $1 billion or more and are key members of management or product development teams in more than 80 percent of these companies.

Immigrants as Economic Contributors: Immigrant Entrepreneurs

National Immigration Forum, July 2018

This fact sheet is the fourth of a seven-part series examining the various roles immigrants play in our economy. It highlights research illuminating the role of immigrant entrepreneurs in starting businesses, creating jobs and revitalizing communities.

Immigrant Founders of the 2017 Fortune 500

Center for American Entrepreneurship, December 2017

The Center for American Entrepreneurship has analyzed the 2017 Fortune 500 list and found 43 percent were founded by an immigrant or the child of an immigrant. Further, they discovered that first- or second-generation immigrant founders accounted for 52 percent of the top 25 firms and 57 percent of the top 35 firms.

One Cost of Cutting Back on Less-Skilled Immigration: Potential Business Creation

New American Economy, August 2017

In 2015, there were 2.1 million immigrant entrepreneurs with less than a bachelor’s degree. Their rate of entrepreneurship is actually higher than immigrants with college degrees; 12% of immigrants without college degrees, 10.6% of immigrants with college degrees, 8.9% of U.S.-born are self-employed.

From Struggle to Resilience: The Economic Impact of Refugees in America

New American Economy, June 2017

Refugees contribute meaningfully to our economy as earners and taxpayers, and have an entrepreneurship rate (13 percent of refugees) that outshines even that of other immigrants (11.5 percent of non-refugee immigrants. Refugees show a particular willingness to make long-term investments in the United States. They found companies, earn citizenship, and buy homes at notably high rates.

The 2017 Kauffman Index of Startup Activity

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, May 2017

Immigrants are almost twice as likely as the native-born to become entrepreneurs, with the Rate of New Entrepreneurs being 0.52 percent for immigrants, compared to 0.26 percent for the native-born. The percentage of immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States is on a two-decade high, accounting for almost 30 percent of all new entrepreneurs in the United States, up from 13.3 percent in 1996.

Immigrants Play a Disproportionate Role in American Entrepreneurship

Harvard Business Review, October 2016

This study takes a comprehensive view of U.S. immigrant entrepreneurship data from 1995 to 2008 and analyzes a spectrum of companies from “Main Street” businesses to VC-backed Silicon Valley firms.

Kauffman Compilation: Research on Immigration and Entrepreneurship

Kaufman Foundation, October 2016

The Kauffman Foundation has long championed immigrant entrepreneurs and their positive impact on the American economy. This compilation highlights a range of Kauffman resources that discuss the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurs and the policy ideas that could further those contributions.

The Arrival of the Immigrant Entrepreneur

U.S. Small Business Administration, October 2016

Over the last 20 years, the role of immigrant entrepreneurs has grown.This report shows that the growth was caused by three changes: an increase in the size of the population born abroad, an increase in self-employment among those born abroad, and a decrease in self-employment overall.

Immigrant Entrepreneurship

Harvard Business School, June 2016

This study comparing immigrant-founded businesses to native-founded ones showed that immigrant-founded companies perform better in terms of employment growth over three- and six-year time horizons. The authors of the study, William R. Kerr and Sari Pekkala Kerr, conclude that immigrant-led companies grow at a faster rate and are more likely to survive long term than native-led companies are.

Immigrants and Billion Dollar Startups

National Foundation for American Policy, March 2016

Immigrants play a key role in creating new, fast-growing companies, as evidenced by the prevalence of foreign-born founders and key personnel in the nation’s leading privately-held companies. This research finds that immigrants have started more than half (44 of 87) of America’s startup companies valued at $1 billion dollars or more and are key members of management or product development teams in over 70 percent (62 of 87) of these companies.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Welcoming Cities: Lessons from Chicago, Dayton, and Nashville

American Immigration Council, February 2016

The efforts of three geographically diverse cities that have created more welcoming environments for immigrants and implemented initiatives that promote immigrant entrepreneurship and innovation in their communities, are detailed in this report.